Subfamily Deltocephalinae: Tribe Chiasmini
Exitianus nanus (Distant) This tribe was regarded for a long time as having only one representative in Australia, the highly variable Chiasmus varicolor (Kirkaldy). Ross (1968) suggested that grass-feeding leafhoppers possessing a long ovipositor (ie, one that extends well beyond the pygofer) could be grouped together into the tribe Doraturini. Zahniser (2008) provided morphological and molecular evidence supporting this suggestion and consequently included Exitianus and Nephotettix, both of which occur in Australia, in the Chiasmini which is an older name for the Doraturini. The tribe has also been known as the Chiasmusini.
- Species of Chiasmini known to occur in Australia
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Species of Chiasmini known to occur in Australia
Genus Chiasmus Mulsant & ReyChiasmus Mulsant & Rey 1855: 215 |
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Chiasmus varicolor (Kirkaldy) Kosmiopelex varicolor Kirkaldy 1906:
335 |
NSW, Qld, Tas, SA, WA, Vic, NT, Africa, New Caledonia [update: NT added 20.ii.2002; Vic added 30.viii.2010] |
Genus Exitianus BallExitianus Ball 1929: 5 [update: genus transferred from Athysanini 3.iii.2010] |
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Exitianus evansi McKamey & Hicks [update: 28.v.2009] Eutettix pallida Evans 1938a:
14, preoccupied by Eutettix pallidus Osborn 1926 Note: This species is not a true Exitianus and therefore may not belong in Chiasmini. |
Qld, NT, WA [update: NT added 7.vii.2000; WA added 23.vi.2011] |
Exitianus indicus (Distant) Athysanus indicus Distant 1908b: 344 Note: The distribution of this species, as given by Ross (1968) is India, Sri Lanka, Taiwan and Japan. He tentatively suggested a synonymy between indicus and fusconervosus Motschulsky from Sri Lanka but Metcalf (1968a: 323) lists the two species separately with additional distributional records for both, including two records of E. indicus (Distant), from Australian territory. The first, from ACT, was created by Helson (1951) and almost certainly applies to E. plebeius. The second is from Christmas Island and Ross (1968) gives no indication of the identity of the species that occurs on the island although he does give "islands in the Indian Ocean" as part of the distribution of E. nanus (Distant). Specimens in SAM collected by G.F. Gross in "Portugese Timor", now East Timor, have been identified by the author as E. indicus. [update: 26.4.2002, 3.iii.2010] |
Christmas Island? (see note), East Timor, India, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Japan. Indonesia, Philippines, China, Pakistan, Palestine, Nepal [update: 3.iii.2010 East Timor added; 8.x.2013 Pakistan added] |
Exitianus nanus (Distant) Athysanus nanus Distant 1908b:
345 [update: 8.x.2013] |
NSW, Qld, NT, WA, SA, Vic, India, Africa, Asia, Formosa, Indian Ocean islands |
Exitianus plebeius (Kirkaldy) Nephotettix plebeius Kirkaldy 1906: 331 |
NSW, Qld, NT, Vic, SA, WA, PNG, Lord Howe I., Guam, Norfolk I., Samoa, NZ (Kermadec Islands) [update: NT added 7.vii.2000; SA, LHI added 23.vi.2011] |
Exitianus selbyi (Evans) Eutettix selbyi Evans 1938a:
14 Note: Day and Fletcher (1994: 1207) point out that this species is not a true Exitianus and therefore may not belong in Chiasmini. |
Qld, WA, NT [update: WA, NT added 23.vi.2011] |
Genus Nephotettix Matsumura – Green rice leafhoppersNephotettix Matsumura 1902: 356 [update: genus transferred from Athysanini 3.iii.2010] |
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Nephotettix malayanus Ishihara & Kawaze Nephotettix malayanus Ishihara & Kawaze 1968: 119 Known hosts: Oryza sativa, Leersia hexandra (Poaceae) (Kay and Brown 1992) [update: 20.ii.2002] |
Qld, Asia |
Nephotettix nigropictus (Stål) Pediopsis nigromaculatus Motschulsky 1859: 111(officially rejected by ICZN 1999: 213) Known hosts: Oryza sativa (Poaceae) (Ghauri 1971), Leersia hexandra (Poaceae) (Kay and Brown 1992) [update: 20.ii.2002] Note: This species has had a confusing nomenclatural history, mainly because of the assumption that Motschulsky's type series of Pediopsis nigromaculatus had been lost. The name apicalis sensu Distant (1908b) had been synonymised with nigromaculatus by Melichar (1903). Ghauri (1971) proposed that Pediopsis apicalis (Motschulsky) and P. nigromaculatus (Motschulsky) be treated as nomina dubia since the original descriptions were inadequate for species recognition. Consequently, he based his recognition of this species on the types of T. nigropicta Stål (1870) which he regarded as being holotype and allotype, although Stål (1870) did not designate any types. Ghauri's (1971) recognition of a holotype may be taken as a lectotype designation by default. However, Vilbaste (1975: 233) noted that fragments of Motschulsky's original type material still exist in ZMUM and reveal that N. apicalis and N. nigromaculatus are distinct species, the latter being the senior synonym of N. nigropictus (Stål). Widespread use of Stål's name in the literature would be destabilised by recognition of Motschulsky's type material and International Commission for Zoological Nomenclature Opinion 1936 (1999) conserved the name nigropictus Stål and suppressed the name nigromaculatus Motschulsky. |
Qld, NT, PNG, Asia [NT update 7.vii.2000] |
Nephotettix virescens (Distant) [update: added 22 June 2000] Cicada bipunctata Fabricius 1803: 78, preoccupied by Cicada bipunctatus Scopoli (1763) Note: Ghauri (1971) gave page 379 for the description of C. bipunctata Fabricius (1803) but this is outside the page range for Fabricius' publication. Metcalf (1968a) gave the page number as 78. |
NT, Asia |
Genus Stenogiffardia EvansStenogiffardia Evans 1977:
116 [update: 22.x.2012] |
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Stenogiffardia parvula (Kirkaldy) Phrynophyes parvula Kirkaldy 1906:
328 |
Qld, WA, NSW [NSW update: 29.vi.2011] |