Family Membracidae - Horned Treehoppers
Acanthuchus trispinifer (Fairmaire)
The horned treehoppers are characterised by the enlargement of the pronotum, sometimes into grotesque shapes. In Australian species there are usually two lateral horns but these are often reduced to bumps and sometimes missing altogether. In Neosextius the horns are directed forwards and pressed against one another to form an apparent single horn. One species, Eutryonia monstrifer, has a single bulbous column extending vertically from the pronotum. New Zealand has a single species Acanthucus trispinifer (pictured at right) which is an introduction from Australia. [update: 12.ii.2001]
Membracids are normally sedentary but are capable of jumping strongly when disturbed. Adults and nymphs are often found together and are tended by ants. Some species overseas have been proven to show maternal care by the adults for the eggs and young nymphs although this has not been recorded in the Australian fauna. A key to the Australian genera has been provided by Day (1999). A review of the world Centrotinae was provided by Wallace and Deitz (2004) [update: 1.ii.2005]. All Australian membracids are in the Tribe Terentiini of the Subfamily Centrotinae except for a doubtful record of Gargarini and the introduced Aconophora compressa Walker (Membracinae: Aconophorini).
- Key to Australian genera
- Species of Membracidae known to occur in Australia
- Link to keys for New Zealand Membracidae
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- Restart key
Species of Membracidae known to occur in Australia
Subfamily MembracinaeTribe Aconophorini |
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Genus Aconophora FairmaireAconophora Fairmaire 1846a: 294 |
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Aconophora compressa Walker, the lantana treehopper Aconophora compressa Walker 1851: 541 Notes: This American membracid species was released in NSW and Qld in 1995 as a biological control agent of weedy species of Lantana and has also been found damaging Fiddlewood (Citharexylum sp. Verbenaceae). It is the only species of Membracidae in Australia that is not a member of the Subfamily Centrotinae. |
NSW, Qld, Mexico, Neotropical region |
Subfamily CentrotinaeTribe Gargarini |
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Genus Gargara Amyot & ServilleGargara Amyot & Serville 1843: 537 |
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Gargara australiensis Funkhouser Gargara australiensis Funkhouser 1936: 189 |
Indonesia, NT? |
Subfamily CentrotinaeTribe Terentiini |
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Genus Acanthucalis EvansAcanthucalis Evans 1966: 297 |
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Acanthucalis macalpini Evans Acanthucalis macalpini Evans 1966: 297 Note: Day (1999: 644) lists three undescribed species of Acanthucalis from NSW and Qld. The species identity of the NSW specimen in these photographs is not certain but these images illustrate the generic features. |
Tas |
Genus Acanthuchus StålAcanthuchus Stål 1866a: 87 |
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Note: The species identity of the specimen in these photographs is not certain but these images illustrate the generic features. |
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Acanthuchus conspurcatus Stål Acanthuchus conspurcatus Stål 1869: 288 |
WA |
Acanthuchus festivus Distant Acanthusus [sic] festivus Distant 1916a: 28 |
NSW, Qld |
Acanthuchus kershawi Goding Acanthucus [sic] kershawi Goding 1903: 17 |
NSW |
Acanthuchus nivalis Distant Acanthusus [sic] nivalis Distant 1916a: 28 Known host: Hakea (Proteaceae) (Day and Fletcher 1994) |
Qld, NSW, ACT [NSW, ACT updates: 3.iv.2012] |
Acanthuchus proclivus Goding Acanthuchus proclivus Goding 1949: 269 |
SA |
Acanthuchus rufiventris (Walker) Centrotus rufiventris Walker 1851:
616 |
Qld, SA |
Acanthuchus trispinifer (Fairmaire) Centrotus trispinifer Fairmaire 1846: 515 Note: Day and Fletcher (1994: 1249)
and Day (1999: 644) credits Stål (1866b: 386) for A. gracilispinus but there is no
mention of this species in that publication, the first description being given by Stål (1869) as listed above. |
Tas, SA, WA, NSW, ACT, Vic, Qld, NZ |
Genus Alocanthella EvansAlocanthella Evans 1966: 296 |
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Alocanthella fulva Evans Alocanthella fulva Evans 1966: 296 Note: Day (1999: 648) lists two undescribed species of Alocanthella from NT. |
Qld |
Genus Alocebes EvansAlocebes Evans 1966: 285 |
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Alocebes dixoni Evans Alocebes dixoni Evans 1966: 285 |
Vic |
Genus Alosextius EvansAlosextius Evans 1966: 299 |
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Alosextius carinatus (Funkhouser) Acanthucus [sic] carinatus Funkhouser 1927b: 311 Note: Day (1999: 652) lists three undescribed species of Alosextius from Qld and casts doubt on the record of A. carinatus from SA. |
NSW, Qld, SA? |
Genus Anzac DistantAnzac Distant 1916a: 43 |
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Anzac bipunctatus (Fabricius) Membracis bipunctata Fabricius 1775: 677 Note: Day (1999: 654) notes that most authors since
Fabricius have misidentified this species which is only found in far North Qld. The
distribution of the species given by Day and Fletcher (1994) is based on the misidentifications. |
Qld |
Genus Bucktoniella EvansBucktoniella Evans 1966: 298 |
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Bucktoniella pyramidatus (Funkhouser) Acanthucus [sic] pyramidatus Funkhouser 1927b: 310 |
Tas, Vic, NSW [NSW update: 4.iv.2012] |
Genus Bunyella DayBunyella Day 1999: 656 |
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Bunyella dromedarius (Kirkaldy) Acanthuchus dromedarius Kirkaldy 1906: 377 [update: image added 16.v.2005] |
Qld |
Genus Cebes DistantCebes Distant 1916a: 38 |
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Cebes godingi Distant Cebes godingi Distant 1916a: 39 Known hosts: Muehlenbeckia cunninghamii (Polygonaceae) (Day 1999) |
NSW |
Cebes tenuis (Goding) Sextius tenuis Goding 1926b:
245 Note: This species was omitted from Day (1999). |
NSW, SA, Vic |
Cebes transiens (Walker) Centrotus transiens Walker 1851:
624 Known hosts: Acacia decurrens (Mimosaceae) (Cookson and New 1980) |
NSW, Vic, SA |
Genus Ceraon BucktonDaunus Stål 1866a: 87, preoccupied by Daunus Rafinesque 1815 (Coleoptera) |
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Ceraon contractus (Walker) Centrotus contractus Walker 1851:
622 Note: This species is based on a single female holotype which may have an aberrant pronotal structure. Its validity needs to be confirmed by the collection of additional specimens. [Update: 5.iv.2012] |
Australia |
Ceraon gracile (Goding) Daunus gracile Goding 1903:
33 |
WA |
Ceraon pix Kitching Ceraon pix Kitching 1976: 345 |
Tas |
Ceraon tasmaniae (Fairmaire) Centrotus tasmaniae Fairmaire 1846: 513 Known hosts: Acacia falciformis (Mimosaceae) (ASCU label data) |
NSW, Vic, Tas, SA [SA update: 5.iv.2012] |
Ceraon vitta (Walker) Centrotus vitta Walker 1851:
626 Known hosts: Acacia baileyana, A. decurrens, A. pycnantha, A. retinodes (Mimosaceae) (Cookson and New 1980), Eucalyptus dalrympleana (Myrtaceae) (Day 1999) |
NSW, SA, Vic, Qld, Tas, ACT [ACT update: 5.iv.2012] |
Genus Crito DistantCrito Distant 1916a: 43 |
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Crito festivus Distant Crito festivus Distant 1916a: 43 [update: image added 16.v.2005] |
Qld |
Genus Daymfus Özdikmen & DemirStrzeleckia Day 1999: 718, preoccupied by Strzeleckia Cribb & Spratt, 1991 (Digenea) |
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Daymfus montanus (Day) Strzeleckia montanus Day 1999:
720 Known hosts: grasses (Day 1999) Notes: Day (1999: 720) notes that a second species, smaller and darker than D. montanus is known from mountainous localities in Tas, NSW, ACT and SA. |
NSW |
Genus Dingkana GodingDingkana Goding 1903: 8 |
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Dingkana borealis Goding Dingkana borealis Goding 1903: 9 |
Qld |
Genus Eufairmairia DistantEufairmairia Distant 1916a: 35 |
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Eufairmairia acanthaspis (Fairmaire) Centrotus acanthaspis Fairmaire 1846: 515 |
NSW, Qld |
Eufairmairia consobrinus Distant Eufairmairia consobrinus Distant 1916a: 37 |
Qld, NSW, Vic [NSW, Vic update: 7.iv.2012] |
Eufairmairia cupreus Distant Eufairmairia cupreus Distant 1916a: 38 e. |
WA |
Eufairmairia decisus (Walker) Centrotus decisus Walker 1851:
621 |
Australia |
Eufairmairia distinctus Distant Eufairmairia distinctus Distant 1916a: 38 |
NT |
Eufairmairia fraternus Distant Eufairmairia fraternus Distant 1916a: 36 |
NSW, Qld, Vic, WA, ACT [Vic, WA, ACT updates: 7.iv.2012] |
Eufairmairia giganticus (Goding) Sertorius giganticus Goding 1903:
20 |
SA, Vic |
Eufairmairia harrisi Distant Eufairmairia harrisi Distant 1916a: 35 |
Qld |
Eufairmairia relatus Distant Eufairmairia relatus Distant 1916a: 36 |
Qld |
Eufairmairia rubridorsata (Buckton) Pterosticta rubridorsata Buckton 1903: 230 |
SA, Vic |
Genus Eufairmairiella EvansEufairmairiella Evans 1966: 283 |
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Eufairmairiella curvicaudus (Goding) Sertorius curvicaudus Goding 1903:
24 Note: Day (1999: 671) lists two undescribed species from WA, NT and Qld. . |
NSW, Qld, WA [WA updates: 8.iv.2012] |
Genus Eufrenchia GodingEufrenchia Goding 1903: 24 Notes: Day (1999) also listed an undescribed species from NSW and ACT. |
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Eufrenchia falcata (Walker) Centrotus falcatus Walker 1851:
622 |
Tas, SA, WA, Vic, ACT [ACT update: 8.iv.2012] |
Genus Eutryonia GodingEufrenchia Goding 1903: 34 |
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Eutryonia monstrifera (Walker) Centrotus monstrifer Walker 1858b:
80 Known hosts: Acacia (Mimosaceae) (Day 1999) |
ACT, NSW, Qld |
Genus Evansiana McKameyKurandella Evans 1966:
298, preoccupied by Kurandella Fennah 1950 (Achilidae) |
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Evansiana iasis (Kirkaldy) Acanthuchus iasis Kirkaldy 1907:
90 Notes: Day (1999: 677) lists two undescribed species of Evansiana from Qld. |
NSW, Qld |
Genus Goddefroyinella DistantGoddefroyinella Distant 1916a: 22 |
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Goddefroyinella neglecta (Buckton) Oxyrhachis neglectus Buckton 1903:
224 Note: Day (1999: 681) lists three undescribed species of Goddefroyinella from NSW, Qld and SA. All species are mainly found in arid regions. The species identity of the specimen in these photographs is not certain but these images illustrate the generic features. |
Qld, SA, WA |
Genus Leptocentrus Stål |
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Leptocentrus gracilis Funkhouser Note: This species, described from "Broken Hill, NSW", was excluded from the Australian fauna by Day (1999: 630) |
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Genus Lubra GodingLubra Goding 1903: 28 |
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Lubra spinicornis (Walker) Oxyrhachis spinicornis Walker 1862:
316 |
NSW, Qld |
Genus Matumuia DayMatamuia Day 1999: 683 |
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Matumuia laura Day Matumuia laura Day 1999: 685 |
Qld |
Genus Neocanthuchus DayNeocanthuchus Day 1999: 686 |
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Neocanthuchus tropicus Day Neocanthuchus tropicus Day 1999: 689 |
Qld |
Neocanthuchus barringtonensis Day Neocanthuchus barringtonensis Day 1999: 689 |
NSW |
Genus Neosextius DayNeosextius Day 1999: 690 |
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Neosextius longinotum Day 1999: 693 Note: The specimen illustrated here is the female paratype. |
WA |
Neosextius yanda Day Neosextius yanda Day 1999: 693 |
Qld |
Genus Otinotoides DistantOtinotoides Distant 1916c: 320 |
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Otinotoides acuticornis (Goding) Sertorius acuticornis Goding 1926b:
244 |
Qld |
Otinotoides australis Distant Otinotoides australis Distant 1916a: 40 |
Qld |
Otinotoides intermedius Distant Otinotoides intermedius Distant 1916a: 41 |
Qld, SA |
Otinotoides spicatus Distant Otinotoides spicatus Distant 1916a: 42 |
Qld |
Genus Pogonella EvansPogonella Evans 1966: 285 |
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Pogonella bispinus (Stål) Acanthuchus bispinus Stål 1869:
288 Known hosts: Acacia pycnantha (Mimosaceae) (Day and Fletcher 1994). Day (1999) gives a wide range of host plants for the genus but does not indicate which species were collected from which hosts. |
NSW, WA, SA, Tas, Vic, Qld, Lord Howe Island [Qld update: 10.iv.2012] |
Pogonella minutus (Goding) Centrotypus minutus Goding 1903:
28 |
NSW, Qld, SA |
Genus Pogonotypellus EvansPogonotypellus Evans 1966: 297 |
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Pogonotypellus australis (Goding) Pogontypus [sic] australis Goding 1939: 332 Notes: Day (1999: 699) lists one undescribed species of Pogonotypellus from Ficus (Moraceae) and attended by ants of the genus Oecophylla in NT. |
NSW, Qld |
Genus Polonius DistantPolonius Distant 1916d: 291 |
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Polonius froggatti Goding Polonius froggatti Goding 1939: 348 [update: image added 16.v.2005] |
NSW, Qld [Qld update: 10.iv.2012] |
Genus Protinotus DayProtinotus Day 1999: 702 |
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Protinotus albosignatus (Distant) Otinotus albosignatus Distant 1916a: 40 |
Qld |
Protinotus doddi (Distant) Otinotus doddi Distant 1916a:
40 [update: image added 16.v.2005] |
Qld |
Genus Rentzia DayRentzia Day 1999: 703 |
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Rentzia yarla Day Rentzia yarla Day 1999: 705 |
Qld |
Rentzia gabana Day Rentzia gabana Day 1999: 706 |
Qld |
Genus Rigula DayRigula Day 1999: 706 |
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Rigula calperum Day Rigula calperum Day 1999: 709 |
SA |
Rigula naumanni Day Rigula naumanni Day 1999: 709 |
WA |
Rigula yalkula Day Rigula yalkula Day 1999: 709 |
Qld |
Genus Sarantus StålSarantus Stål 1863: 592 |
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Sarantus nobilis Kirkaldy 1906: 374 Notes: Day (1999: 712) lists one undescribed species of Sarantus from Qld and states that there are several species in PNG. |
Qld, NSW, NT, PNG |
Genus Sertorius StålSertorius Stål 1866a: 88 |
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Sertorius australis (Fairmaire) Centrotus australis Fairmaire 1846: 518 |
NSW, Vic, SA, Tas |
Sertorius brevicornis Goding Sertorius brevicornis Goding 1903:
21 |
WA, SA |
Sertorius castaneus Distant Sertorius castaneus Distant 1916a: 25 Note: This species was listed as a synonym of S. luteus by Evans (1966: 300) but this synonymy was not followed by Day (1999: 714) |
Australia |
Sertorius hospes (Kirkaldy) Centrotypus hospes Kirkaldy 1906:
378 |
NSW |
Sertorius luteus (Buckton) Sphaerocentrus luteus Buckton 1903: 244 |
NSW, SA |
Sertorius tepperi Goding Sertorius tepperi Goding 1903: 22 |
WA |
Genus Sextius StålSextius Stål 1866a: 88 |
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Sextius atromaculatus Distant Sextius atromaculatus Distant 1916a: 35 |
Qld |
Sextius bucephalus Distant Sextius bucephalus Distant 1916a: 34 |
NSW |
Sextius depressus Goding Sextius depressus Goding 1903: 12 |
NSW, Qld, WA |
Sextius interposita (Buckton) Pterosticta interposita Buckton 1903: 231 Note: This species was not listed by Day (1999). |
SA |
Sextius kurandae Kirkaldy Sextius kurandae Kirkaldy 1906: 377 Note: This species was not listed by Day (1999). |
Qld |
Sextius major Distant Sextius major Distant 1916a: 34 |
Qld |
Sextius occidentalis Jacobi Sextius occidentalis Jacobi 1909: 338 |
WA |
Sextius reticulatus Distant Sextius reticulatus Distant 1916a: 34 |
WA |
Sextius rubrilineus (Buckton) Pterosticta rubrilinea Buckton 1903: 230 Known hosts: Bursaria (Pittosporaceae) (Buckton 1903) |
SA, NSW [NSW update: 11.iv.2012] |
Sextius spretus (Buckton) Pterosticta spreta Buckton 1903:
230 |
Qld, SA, NSW [NSW update: 11.iv.2012] |
Sextius virescens (Fairmaire), the green treehopper Centrotus virescens Fairmaire 1846: 515 Known hosts: Acacia decurrens (Goding 1903), Acacia, (18 species) (Cookson and New 1980) (Mimosaceae) |
NSW, Qld, Vic, WA, NT [NT update: 11.iv.2012] |
Genus Stalobelus Capener |
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Stalobelus serpentarius (Buckton) Note: In describing this species from Cameroons (Africa), Buckton also refered to Tasmania as a locality record. The species was excluded from the Australian fauna by Day (1999: 630) |
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NSW |
Genus Terentius StålTerentius Stål 1866a: 87 |
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Terentius convexus Stål Terentius convexus Stål 1869: 286 Known hosts: Grevillea (Proteaceae), Casuarina (Casuarinaceae) (Evans 1966) |
NSW, Qld, NT, Vic [NT, Vic updates: 12.iv.2012] |
Terentius rolandi Distant Terentius rolandi Distant 1915: 492 |
Qld, PNG |
Genus Undarella DayUndarella Day 1999: 723 |
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Undarella pulleni Day 1999: 725 |
SA |
Undarella storeyi Day Undarella storeyi Day 1999: 725 |
Qld |
Genus Yangupia DayYangupia Day 1999: 727 |
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Yangupia occidentalis (Goding) Centrotypus occidentalis Goding 1903: 27 Known hosts: Acacia (Day 1999) |
WA |
Subfamily Oxyrhachinae
Genus Xiphistes Stål |
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Xiphistes australasiae Distant Note: This species was excluded from the Australian fauna by Day (1999: 630). As noted by Capener (1962) the type specimen was probably collected in South Africa while the collector was en route to Australia. |