Tribe Dikraneurini
Kahaono montana Evans
Australia has a very distinctive fauna of Dikraneurini, associated with the genus Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae). The genera Kahaono, Aneono and Dziwneono are all endemic. Two new genera are known from Australia and these are in the process of being described. The species are mainly flattened with a curved dorsal surface and concave ventral surface enabling the insects to fit closely to the surface of eucalypt leaves. Many of the species are brightly coloured with red, yellow, blue, white and black, as are the leaves on which they live. Some cause noticeable speckling of the leaves on which they feed but, although this may affect the appearance of trees grown as ornamentals, it may have little impact on the health of the trees.
There are no records of Dikraneurini from eastern Indonesia or New Guinea. [update: 17.iv.2010]
Species of Dikraneurini known to occur in Australia
Tribe Dikraneurini
Genus Aneono KirkaldyAneono Kirkaldy 1906: 358 |
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Aneono australensis (Kirkaldy) Empoa australensis Kirkaldy 1906:
363 |
Qld, WA, Vic, NSW [WA update: 7.ix.2006; Vic update: 30.viii.2010; NSW update 16.ii.2012] |
Aneono darwinensis Evans Aneono darwinensis Evans 1966: 260 |
NT, WA, Qld, NSW, Vic, SA [update: all states except NT added, 17.ii.2012] |
Aneono evansi Dworakowska Aneono evansi Dworakowska 1972b: 193 |
WA, NSW, Qld [NSW, Qld update: 17.ii.2012] |
Aneono leichhardti Dworakowska Aneono leichhardti Dworakowska 1972b: 193 |
WA |
Aneono pulcherrima Kirkaldy Aneono pulcherrima Kirkaldy 1906: 359 |
NSW, Qld |
Aneono venusta Evans Aneono venusta Evans 1942a: 148 |
WA |
Aneono spp. Note: Seven undescribed species of Aneono are known to occur in Australia. |
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Genus Dikraneura HardyDikraneura Hardy 1850: 423 |
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Dikraneura honiala Kirkaldy Dikraneura honiala Kirkaldy 1906: 360 Note: BPB has a single specimen matching Kirkaldy's (1906) description of this species. It has been labelled as type (apparently by Muir, see Medler 1987 for discussion of Kirkaldy's types) and Kirkaldy's description gives no indication that it was based on more than one specimen. In particular, the description of the colouration of the tegmen matches this specimen exactly. The specimen is here recognised as holotype by monotypy. A second female specimen (see image) which matches this species in the distinctive shape of the vertex but lacks the brown tegminal markings described by Kirkaldy (1906) has been collected in the Northern Territory. [update: 30.i.2003] |
Qld, NT |
Genus Dziwneono DworakowskaDziwneono Dworakowska 1972b: 197 |
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Dziwneono alfa Dworakowska [update: added 12.ii.2004] Dziwneono alfa Dworakowska 1993: 117 |
WA |
Dziwneono etcetera Dworakowska Dziwneono etcetera Dworakowska 1972b: 200 |
NT, WA, Qld [WA, Qld update: 18.ii.2012] |
Dziwneono olszewskii Dworakowska Dziwneono olszewskii Dworakowska 1972b: 199 |
NT |
Dziwneono sagittata Dworakowska [update: added 12.ii.2004] Dziwneono sagittata Dworakowska 1993: 117 |
WA |
Dziwneono septembris Dworakowska Dziwneono septembris Dworakowska 1972b: 199 |
NT |
Dziwneono weewaa Dworakowska Dziwneono weewaa Dworakowska 1972b: 199 |
NT |
Dziwneono spp. Note: Thirteen undescribed species of Dziwneono are known to occur in Australia |
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Genus Kahaono KirkaldyKahaono Kirkaldy 1906: 361 |
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Kahaono aneala (Kirkaldy) Dikraneura aneala Kirkaldy 1906:
360 |
NSW |
Kahaono hanuala Kirkaldy Kahaono hanuala Kirkaldy 1906: 361 Note: A series of specimens which might be this species have been collected in the Kosciuszko region on Richea continentis B.L.Burtt (Ericaceae). |
Qld |
Kahaono kirkaldyi Dworakowska Kahaono kirkaldyi Dworakowska 1972b: 197 |
NT, NSW, Qld, SA [NSW, Qld, SA updates: 18.ii.2012] |
Kahaono montana Evans, the Silk Leafhopper Kahaono montana Evans 1966: 261 Known hosts: Eucalyptus robusta (Myrtaceae) (Day & Fletcher 1994), Eucalyptus dunnii, E. grandis (Fletcher & Kent 2002) [update: 5.xii.2002] Notes: This species has been reported feeding under silken shelters or tents (images) that have been created by the leafhoppers themselves (Day & Fletcher 1994: 1228, Fletcher & Kent 2002), Chang, et al. (2005) [update: 5.xii.2002, 8.ix.2005] One function of the tents is to protect the developing nymphs from predators (Gurr & Fletcher 2011). This is the only member of the Order Hemiptera known to produce genuine silk.[update: 18.ii.2012]. |
NSW, Qld [Qld update: 18.ii.2012] |
Kahaono negrea Dworakowska Kahaono negrea Dworakowska 1972b: 197 |
WA, Qld [Qld update: 18.ii.2012] |
Kahaono pallida Evans Kahaono pallida Evans 1966: 261 |
NSW, Vic, WA, Qld, Tas, SA, ACT [Qld, Tas, SA, ACT update: 18.ii.2012] |
Kahaono viridis Evans Kahaono viridis Evans 1966: 261 |
NSW, Qld, WA [Qld, WA update: 18.ii.2012] |
Kahaono wallacei Evans Kahaono wallacei Evans 1966: 261 Known hosts: Eucalyptus calophylla (Myrtaceae) (Evans 1966) |
NSW, WA, Vic, Qld, ACT [Vic update: 30.viii.2010; Qld, ACT update: 18.ii.2012] |
Kahaono yarama Dworakowska Kahaono yarama Dworakowska 1972b: 196 |
WA, Qld, NSW, ACT, Vic [update, all states but WA: 18.ii.2012] |
Kahaono yhawhoa Dworakowska Kahaono yhawhoa Dworakowska 1972b: 197 |
WA |
Kahaono spp. Note: At least 17 undescribed species of Kahaono are known to occur in Australia |
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Genus Motschulskyia KirkaldyConometopus Motschulsky 1863: 103, preoccupied by Conometopus Blanchard 1851 (Orthoptera) Subgenus Togaritettix MatsumuraTogaritettix Matsumura 1931: 71 |
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Motschulskyia (Togaritettix) serratus (Matsumura) Togaritettix serratus Matsumura 1931:
71 Known hosts: Rosa (Rosaceae) (Ahmed and Waheed 1971), Debregeasia (Urticaceae) (Dworakowska 1993) [update: 19.ii.2004] Note: This species was erroneously listed in the Tribe Erythroneurini by Day and Fletcher (1994: 1230) |
Qld, NT, WA Japan, Korea, W. Pakistan, Taiwan, Thailand. [Thailand update: 19.ii.2004; WA update: 20.ii.2012] |